Method for Preparing Silver Powder in the Photovoltaic Silver Paste
Time of issue:
2025-07-11
The silver powder used to prepare conductive silver paste for solar cells mainly includes spherical silver powder and flake silver powder. Generally speaking, spherical and spherical-like silver powders are often synthesized using chemical methods, while flake silver powders are mainly prepared using mechanical ball milling methods.
Photovoltaic silver paste is an indispensable core auxiliary material for the construction of solar cells, and its quality directly affects the performance of solar cells. Photovoltaic silver paste is a formula-based product, with silver powder accounting for the highest proportion, typically 80% to 90%. Therefore, silver powder is also considered the most core material in silver paste.
The different preparation processes for silver powder in conductive silver paste for solar cells are as follows:
Preparation process of flake silver powder
Mechanical ball milling method
The principle of mechanical ball milling involves the use of external mechanical force, aided by grinding balls, dispersants, and grinding aids, to achieve the crushing, hammering, ball milling, and refinement of materials through frequent collisions, friction, and compression between the grinding balls, ball milling jar, and materials. Ultimately, after prolonged ball milling, the silver powder particles undergo changes in their microstructure, surface morphology, and particle size distribution, resulting in a product that meets the desired technical specifications.
In the actual industrial production of flake silver powder, non-flake silver powder is typically first prepared using a chemical reduction method, followed by mechanical ball milling to form flake silver powder. This method features simple operational steps, high equipment automation, continuous processing, large production batches, and high efficiency. The flake silver powder produced has a bright color, good mechanical properties, a large specific surface area, and improved sintering performance. However, this method has high energy consumption and is prone to introducing impurities during ball milling.
Preparation process of spherical and spherical-like silver powder
Liquid phase reduction method
The liquid phase reduction method is based on the principle of redox reactions, utilizing a reducing agent to reduce silver salts (oxidizing agents) into silver powder in a liquid-phase system. This method uses simple production equipment and is relatively low in cost, with process conditions that are easy to control, making it suitable for industrial production. Typically, Silver paste made from spherical or spherical-like silver powder with uniform particle size, good dispersion, and a bulk density higher than 4 g/cm³ exhibits excellent screen printing properties.
Keyword:
Silver Powder,Photovoltaic Silver Paste,flake silver powder,spherical and spherical-like silver powder,Liquid phase reduction method
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